高考英语阅读 · 错项拆解

2023 年 全国甲卷

共 15 道阅读选择题。先选,再看答案和每个错项错在哪;做过的题会记在你自己的浏览器里。

A 篇

1Where to Eat in Bangkok

2Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.

3Nahm

4Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thair restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.

5Issays Stamese Club

6Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally known Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.

7Bo. tan

8Bo. tan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary sence since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candlelit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu.

9Gaggan

10Earning first place on the lates “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.

第 1 题 · 细节理解

What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?

定位句

Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star主厨 David Thompson 曾获米其林星
intematoionally known Thai chef国际知名的泰国厨师(卷面 internationally 印错)

为什么选 C Nahm 的主厨得过米其林星,Issaya 的老板是国际知名厨师。两家都有顶级厨师,选 C。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 张冠李戴用现代烹饪方法的只有 Issaya,不是两家都用。
  • B 张冠李戴和伦敦有关的只有 Nahm(主厨在伦敦开过同名餐厅)。
  • D 张冠李戴开在酒店里的只有 Nahm,Issaya 在一座殖民时期的老宅里。

词汇:Michelin star 米其林星(顶级餐厅评级);branches 分店

第 2 题 · 细节理解

Which restaurant offers a large set menu?

定位句

For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu.特别饿的人可以点大份套餐。

为什么选 B “特别饿的人可以点大份套餐”这句话在 Bo. tan 的介绍里,选 B。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 张冠李戴大份套餐是 Bo. tan 的,不是 Gaggan 的。
  • C 张冠李戴大份套餐是 Bo. tan 的,不是 Issaya 的。
  • D 张冠李戴大份套餐是 Bo. tan 的,不是 Nahm 的。

词汇:set menu 套餐

第 3 题 · 细节理解

What is special about Gaggan?

定位句

offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action(最好的座位)有一扇窗正对厨房,能看到 Gaggan 和员工在做菜

为什么选 D Gaggan 最好的座位能透过窗户直接看厨师做菜,也就是让客人看到烹饪过程,选 D。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 原文没说原文只说是印度餐厅,没说员工来自印度。
  • B 词义套错了原文的 Culinary theater 是比喻:看厨师做菜像看戏,不是真的演戏。
  • C 张冠李戴难找的泰国菜是 Bo. tan 的特色,不是 Gaggan 的。

词汇:Culinary theater 烹饪剧场,比喻看厨师做菜

B 篇

1Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.

2She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”

3Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”

4With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £ 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.

第 4 题 · 词义猜测

Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?

定位句

Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture擅长装架子、组装家具

为什么选 C 下一句说她擅长装架子、组装家具,从不花钱请人。可见 a dab hand 指“能手、行家”,选 C。

其他选项错在哪

词汇:a dab hand 能手;specialist 行家;pioneer 先驱

第 5 题 · 细节理解

Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £ 5 a day?

定位句

A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money.干一天活奖励 5 英镑零花钱。

为什么选 B 她假期跟外公去干活,干一天奖励 5 英镑,这是对她干活的犒劳,选 B。

其他选项错在哪

词汇:treat 犒劳;pocket money 零花钱

第 6 题 · 细节理解

How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?

定位句

it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges会补墙洞、重新刷墙很有用,就不会被扣钱

为什么选 A 搬走前,她把墙上挂画留下的洞补好、把房间重新刷一遍,让房子恢复原样,就不会被扣押金,选 A。

其他选项错在哪

  • B 原文没说她会组装家具,但原文没说这和保住押金有关。
  • C 原文没说原文只说她和朋友合租,没说靠分摊房租保住押金。
  • D 原文没说原文没提取消租约。

词汇:deposit 押金;repaint 重新粉刷

第 7 题 · 细节理解

What trend in DIY does the research show?

定位句

it is women now leading the charge如今带头的是女性

为什么选 D 调查显示,过去 DIY 被看作男人的爱好,现在带头的是女性。DIY 在女性中越来越流行,选 D。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 原文没说原文只给了平均花费,没说越来越贵。
  • B 原文没说原文没说越来越费时间。
  • C 原文没说原文只说很多人打算趁夏天做,没说成了季节性产业。

词汇:leading the charge 带头;females 女性

C 篇

1I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).

2That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.

3Eric weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.

4Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.

5He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their mssages and adding his own interpretation.

6The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.

第 8 题 · 细节理解

Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?

定位句

an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World叔叔送了我一本乔斯坦·贾德的《苏菲的世界》

为什么选 C 作者 13 岁读了 Gaarder 的《苏菲的世界》,从此走进哲学世界,选 C。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 原文没说Foucault 只是别人自以为懂、拿来讲解的哲学家之一。
  • B 张冠李戴Weiner 是后来重新唤起他兴趣的人,不是最早带他入门的。
  • D 原文没说大学里别人的讲解反而扼杀了他对哲学的热爱。

词汇:philosophy 哲学

第 9 题 · 推理判断

Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?

定位句

learning to use philosophy to improve a life学会用哲学改善生活

为什么选 D 作者列出苏格拉底、梭罗等人,说书里教我们像他们那样去好奇、观察、倾听,借此说明这本书是教人用哲学改善生活的。列这些人是为了帮读者了解这本书,选 D。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 原文没说列出哲学家是说明书的内容,不是拿 Weiner 和他们比较。
  • B 原文没说原文没有列举他们的作品。
  • C 原文没说原文没有称赞他们的写作技巧。

词汇:philosophers 哲学家

第 10 题 · 细节理解

What does the author like about The Socrates Express?

定位句

learning to use philosophy to improve a life学会用哲学改善生活

为什么选 B 作者说这本书不只是讲怎样理解哲学,更是教人用哲学改善生活,书里的思想能用到日常生活中,选 B。

其他选项错在哪

词汇:applied 应用

第 11 题 · 观点态度

What does the author think of Weiners book?

定位句

he does so with plenty of humor他写得很幽默
draws readers in with its apparent simplicity看似简单,把读者吸引进去

为什么选 D 作者说这本书很幽默,看起来简单易懂,又能引人深思。幽默又直白,选 D。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 和原文反了原文说书有趣幽默,选项说平淡,正好相反。
  • B 原文没说原文没说书大胆、有野心。
  • C 和原文反了原文说书有趣、看似简单,选项说严肃难懂,正好相反。

词汇:straightforward 直白易懂的;Objective 客观的

D 篇

1Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.

2“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.

3The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.

4Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.

5Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.

第 12 题 · 观点态度

How do Americans look at grizzlies?

定位句

we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams我们敬畏它们,可它们也让我们做噩梦

为什么选 A 美国人既敬畏灰熊、到黄石最想看它,又怕它怕得做噩梦。感情很复杂,选 A。

其他选项错在哪

  • B 原文没说游客想在国家公园看到熊,原文没说应该把熊关在公园里。
  • C 原文没说原文没提科学价值。
  • D 原文没说原文没说灰熊是美国文化的象征。

词汇:grizzlies 灰熊;mixed feelings 复杂的感情

第 13 题 · 推理判断

What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?

定位句

In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.1975 年,灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。

为什么选 C 70 年代初灰熊只剩 600 到 800 只,1975 年被列入濒危物种法受到保护,如今增加到 2000 多只。帮助数量回升的是法律保护,选 C。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 和原文反了原文说欧洲移民几百年的猎杀让灰熊大量减少,选项说移民帮了熊,正好相反。
  • B 因果搞错了活动范围扩大是数量回升的结果,不是原因。
  • D 原文没说原文只说灰熊曾和原住民共存,没说原住民帮了它们。

词汇:Endangered Species Act 《濒危物种法》

第 14 题 · 细节理解

What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?

定位句

Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.两次尝试都因为动物保护组织的诉讼被推翻了。

为什么选 A 鱼类和野生动物管理局两次想把灰熊移出保护名单,都因为保护组织起诉而失败,选 A。

其他选项错在哪

  • B 因果搞错了灰熊恢复得好,是管理局想把它移出名单的原因,不是阻止它的原因。
  • C 原文没说原文没说生物学家阻止了这件事。
  • D 原文没说原文没提农民的呼吁。

词汇:delisting 移出(保护)名单;lawsuits 诉讼;conservation (动植物)保护

第 15 题 · 推理判断

What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

定位句

If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.如果人们把院子和营地里的食物等诱饵拿走,灰熊通常会安静地路过,不惹麻烦。

为什么选 B 最后一段说,只要做好预防,熊就会安然路过,不惹麻烦。可见人和灰熊可以和平相处,选 B。

其他选项错在哪

  • A 和原文反了原文要人们把食物拿走,选项说给熊提供食物,正好相反。
  • C 原文没说原文只说让熊安然经过,没说要修专用通道。
  • D 张冠李戴电网是用来保护鸡舍等、把熊赶走的,不是用来保护熊的。

词汇:attractants 引诱物;harmony 和谐